Developing the Outline for an Argumentative Essay

Argumentative essays are also known as ‘position papers’ because of their justification of the side of the issue that they are written in support of. Generally, argumentative essays focus on topics that are prone to attract controversy, academic discourse and partisanship.

Common argumentative essay topics include issues such as euthanasia, capital punishment, abortions and animal testing. An argumentative essay should not be a unilateral rant. It should address counter-arguments and should be able refute them with evidence in support of its message.

Although the style of presenting an argumentative position is not set in stone and there is no definitive way to illustrate how to write an argumentative essay, it generally follows a generic format which enables it to maintain flow as the argument is explored.

The Format of an Argumentative Essay

A generic outline of an argumentative essay is as follows:

Thesis Statement

Writing a thesis statement for an argumentative essay is a strong and bold start. It should be chosen carefully as it provides a roadmap of the direction in which the essay is headed and it also provides a glimpse of what the reader should expect from the oncoming paragraphs. Thesis statements tend to:

• Deliver to the reader, a glimpse of how the subject’s importance will be interpreted and expressed.
• Address the audience’s expectations of the content and implies the main arguments used in the position paper.
• Offer ways to understand the subject rather than bluntly stating the subject itself e.g. if the essay addresses global warming, the thesis statement could be something that helps in the understanding of global warming even though it may not contain any directly related statements.
• Make claims and arguments that are bound to create controversy and multilateral debate. They tend to set the tone for the essay and enable proponents of the argument to band along as they read further e.g. Employees in a firm should be made to attend motivational seminars and training workshops every month to ensure effective workforce activity.
• Be in the first paragraph of the argumentative essay because they act as a greeting into the argument and a gateway towards the exploration of the issue at hand, while choosing the better alternative to begin with.

Argumentative Essay Step-by-Step Outline

The structure of you outline would be same and following your structure of your whole essay. You mention the title of your argument in the outline so that the reader gets to know what are you going to present.  The arrangement of argument outline would be same according to your essay content. Moreover, the outline is a guide and a sketch of your argumentative essay substance.

The components of your argumentative essay would be as follows;

Introductory Paragraph

The primacy effect states that first impressions can create a lasting perception of a particular phenomenon. (Note: This can be counted as a thesis statement too!) The introductory paragraph should be interesting and should be able to captivate the reader’s attention.

Make it Interesting

An unimpressive start to an essay severely limits the chances of it being read till its conclusion. It should provide a brief summary of what is in store for the reader without giving away too much detail so that it does not steal any attention from the main body.

Start off With Momentum

Introductory paragraphs also contain thesis statements which enable the article to start off with momentum. They can act as gateways to the main argument and lead the reader on into the detailed expression that the main body possesses.

Grab the Attention of Reader

Introduction should be started with an eye-catching sentence so you gather the attention of the reader by keeping the target audience in mind. Then write about the arguments very briefly that would support your opinion. Lastly, form a thesis statement so the reader gets to know about your take and stance on the matter.

Main Body/Arguments

This section is the core of the argumentative essay. This is where the arguments are brought forth in detail. This section should be split up into multiple paragraphs.

Body of argumentative in most cased would consist of two sub parts.

First Part: Address Strong Arguments First 

The first part would encompass your arguments and claims backed by proper evidence, facts, researches and reports that would testify your claim and safeguard your opinion towards the reader. Without substantial evidence nobody is likely going to accept your claim.

It is a good idea to split every argument into its own paragraph and address the strongest arguments first so as to create a strong case for the essay.

Writing in the order of strength and relevance of the arguments helps reassure readers that are in agreement with the statement, and more importantly, helps to convince readers with opposing views.

Second Part: Refute the Opponents

In the second part, it is at your discretion if you want to include the claims of the opposite opinion then state those points which you can defend appropriately according to your claim. It is a good thing to accept the fact that different people have different point of view. However, in an argumentative essay state those opinions and refer that why your claim is more worthy in a constructive and positive manner.

The last few paragraphs of the main body should be reserved for the counter-arguments posed by the opponents of the essay’s view. These should be stated in the last few paragraphs along with reasons refuting their validity which helps in further strengthening the essay’s argument.

Conclusion

In the conclusion segment restate your thesis statement. Your tone in conclusion should represent that you have won the argument and provided enough evidence that the reader respects your opinion. Intensify the importance of the topic given background of your opinion and come up with some brief recommendations.

Reiterate the Thesis Statement

The essay conclusion is necessary to reiterate the thesis statement and it enables the reader to remember and recall the highlighted points by means of a review. It is not intended to plainly regurgitate the thesis statement; rather, it strengthens the argument made in light of the evidence provided in the body.

Provide Solutions and Action Items

It also provides solutions proposed by the essay and the argument it supports so that the opposing arguments can be countered simultaneously with the proposed solution. Conclusions should contain a summary of the valid points made in the body and should make the findings more applicable and relevant to other scopes of study that the argument may apply to.

Apart from the outline, what else should one consider in depth before writing?

Choosing a Topic for an Argumentative Essay

Topics for an argumentative essay should be chosen with care as it should be made approachable and the writer should be able to elaborate with sufficient detail and relevance so that the point is made clearly to the reading audience and it is registered within their thought process. While choosing a topic, the writer should consider the following points:

• The topic should have the capacity to be argued for or against. Although most topics can be argued, the rule does not possess universality.
• The topic must be current and relevant. Referrals to past events must also be linked to the present so that the relevant counter-arguments can be addressed. An essay that fails to stir up significant discourse shows the signs of a weak topic.
• The topic must be of interest to the writer. Even though several arguments possess vast arrays of details, if the writer shows limited interest in the topic, he/she cannot delve deep enough into the web of its complexity and cannot effectively provide arguments for the issue at hand.

Some topics that can be argued in great depth are:

• Gay Rights in Modern Society
• The War on Terror: A Road to Freedom or a Grave Mistake?
• Abortion: Is it a Right or is it Murder?
• Communism leads to Societal Detriment.

Collecting Information for an Argumentative Essay

An argumentative essay would have no validity if it did not possess the content and subject matter that it requires to propel its viewpoint. Collecting information can be one of the longest phases in the process of writing an argumentative essay.

Sources should be checked for validity and reliability e.g. Wikipedia, although a great source of general information, cannot be used as a credible source in most professional and academic works because of its limited validity, moderation and its grant of editing privileges to all users. Plagiarism should be avoided at all costs.

Revision

Every essay, prose or literary piece should be revised to check for errors and should not be heavily clichéd. It is also advisable to get feedback from neutral individuals so that other ideas can be added and the hidden errors can be rectified.

A brainstorming session always proves beneficial before and after writing an argumentative essay. New ideas, citations, grammatical errors, structural details and formatting can all be accounted for once the essay is revised and proof-read.

Once the writer is comfortable with the essay, then it should be published or submitted for evaluation. Writers should take feedback positively and should try to keep their argumentative skills as dynamic, lucid and adaptive as possible. Writers who are able to inculcate such details into their styles would know how to write an argumentative essay and would keep honing their skills with the passage of time.

Sample Argumentative Essay on Global Warming

Topic: Global Warming is a myth or a reality?

Introduction

Global Warming is a reality

• Rise in average temperature and melting of glaciers

The assumption of global warming as a myth

Conclusion

Global warming is amongst the most debated controversial issues in the 21st century, impugning the fabrics and framework of global society. It is described as the rise in the average global temperature. One school of thought are inclined to accept global warming as a myth but there is ample support to claim that global warming is actually a reality. Nevertheless, it is a climate and environmental issues but it has perpetual effects on the socio-economic horizons as well.

It has been observed that the temperature of earth in rising and the planet is gradually becoming warmer. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in its report states that a rise of 0.6 °C in average global temperature has been observed. Moreover, temperature might increase from 1.4°C to 6°C by 2100. Due to global warming, melting of glaciers have also occurred to happen and this process results in the rise of sea temperature. During the 20^th century approximately 20mm of sea level has raised.

On the other hand, some people opine global warming as a fiction.  In their point of view, they claim that global warming cannot be due to green house effect as change in temperature and change in gas emissions did not occur simultaneously. They also claim that carbon dioxide gas is removed from the air quickly. But carbon dioxide produced by the burning of large quantity fossil fuels can persist in the atmosphere for a long [period of time.

Global warming has developed to be the actual trial of the foundations of our social global structure and civilization. Its widespread perplexing causes are sufficiently demonstrated given the nature of existing and factual dire consequences. Global warming has started hitting humanity, which are exceptionally detrimental to be ignored.